Plant regulator of flower bud differentiation in in vitro plants of Cymbidium tortisepalum var. longibracteatum with TDZ as the key initiator
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Background
Cymbidium tortisepalum var. longibracteatum is a Class II nationally protected endangered plant in China with significant economic value.
Aim
This study aimed to establish an efficient in vitro flowering system and identify key hormonal factors regulating flower bud differentiation.
Methods
Orthogonal experiments and hormone treatments were performed to evaluate the effects of TDZ, 6-BA, NAA, IBA, PP 333 , ABA, and GA 3 on flower bud induction in tissue-cultured plantlets.
Results
TDZ was identified as the key initiator of flower bud differentiation, as no flower buds were induced in TDZ-free treatments. The optimal hormone combination was 1.0 mg · L −1 6-BA + 0.4 mg · L −1 TDZ + 0.8 mg · L −1 NAA + 1.6 mg · L −1 IBA, achieving a flower bud induction rate of 23.33% and a normal flower bud rate of 20.00%. PP 333 inhibited flower bud differentiation but reduced malformation; at 0.2 mg · L −1 PP 333 , the normal flower bud rate reached 20.00%. GA 3 pretreatment resulted in a flower bud induction rate of 12.04%, whereas ABA pretreatment showed no significant promoting effect on flower bud induction.
Conclusions
This study provides an efficient in vitro flowering system and key hormonal parameters for shortening the breeding cycle and elucidating orchid flowering mechanisms.
