Helicobacter pylori fecal antigen positivity in clinically suspected Peptic ulcer disease adults in Dar es Salaam
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Background
Helicobacter pylori infection remains a significant public health concern and a leading cause of peptic ulcer disease (PUD). This organism colonizes the gastric mucosa and often remains asymptomatic until complications develop. Despite its global prevalence, the magnitude and association between H. pylori infection and PUD are not well established in many community settings, including Dar es Salaam. This study aimed to determine the fecal prevalence of H. pylori, risk factors, and the correlation between H. pylori and PUD in adults clinically suspected of PUD in Dar es Salaam Communities, 2025.
Methodology
A cross-sectional, community-based study was conducted among 390 adults clinically suspected of having PUD in Dar es Salaam over a two-month data-collection period (April-June 2025). Sociodemographic, environmental, behavioral, and clinical data were collected using structured questionnaires, and stool samples were analyzed for Helicobacter pylori antigen using standard methods. The primary outcome was Helicobacter pylori infection status, while the secondary outcome was associated risk factors and their correlation with clinical suspicion of PUD. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, with categorical variables expressed in frequencies and percentages. Associations were assessed using chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression, with results reported as adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to assess the relationship between H.pylori infection and clinical suspicion of PUD. Of the 400 adults enrolled,390(97.5%) provided complete data and were included in the analysis
Results
Of 390 participants, 252 (64.6%) were female, and the mean age was 36.9 ± 15.7 years. A total of 161 individuals (41.3%) tested positive for H. pylori . Higher Infection rates were observed among adults aged 40–49 years (46.7%), singles (44.6%), those consuming tap water (46.9%), residents of crowded area//s (43.2%), and individuals who consumed alcohol and smoked (50.4% and 44.5%, respectively). Only the source of drinking water showed a significant association with H. pylori infection. A positive correlation was observed between H. pylori infection and clinically suspected PUD.
Conclusion
H.pylori infection was common among adults clinically suspected of PUD in the Dar es Salaam communities. The use of tap water for drinking was identified as the most significant risk factor. These findings highlight the need for routine community-based screening and public health interventions to improve water safety and reduce transmission. Future studies should employ longitudinal designs to establish causal relationships between H. pylori infection, behavioral risk factors, and clinical outcomes.
