ProteoDUDes: Taxonomic profiling for metaproteomics with false positive reduction

Metaproteomics is the investigation of the protein composition of multi-organism samples. While metagenomics answers the question which organisms are present in a sample, metaproteomics additionally answers the question which organisms are active. State-of-the-art tools for annotating proteomic data with taxonomic information (e.g. Unipept, DIAMOND) do not control the false taxonomic identification rate, which can lead to incorrect results and thus incorrect interpretations, as we demonstrate with examples. ProteoDUDes processes the results from popular sequence annotation tools so that the proportion of true identifications in the result is at as high as or higher than in the the compared tools. We evaluate ProteoDUDes on simulated data and experimental mock community data. Our results indicate that ProteoDUDes has the same error rate as other tools on simulated data and half the error rate on the experimental mock community data. This allows more accurate statements to be made about which organisms are functionally active in a complex sample. ProteoDUDes is open-source and available at https://github.com/pirovc/dudes .