A pan-organ exposomic atlas of human aging for precision environmental health

Environmental exposures are major modifiable determinants of human aging, yet the evidence remains fragmented across organ-agnostic summaries and rarely confronts population inequity. Here we present an exposomic atlas of pan-organ aging in ∼300,000 UK Biobank adults, mapping 164 environmental and behavioural exposures onto biological aging of the whole body and nine organ subsystems. Comprising 1,476 systematically tested exposure–subsystem associations, the atlas reveals that environmental effects on human aging are pervasively organ-specific, with 65.9% of exposures acting divergently across organ subsystems. This landscape resolves into nine navigable modules that preserve organ selectivity, predict 23 major age-related diseases, and expose distinct dimensions of health inequity. In-silico analyses further show that priorities for ameliorating aging are target-dependent rather than universal, diverge markedly from the whole-body ranking (Kendall’s τ = −0.52 to 0.39), reorder substantially across population strata, with findings externally validated in an ethnically distinct cohort. The atlas establishes an organ-resolved and target-aware foundation for precision environmental health.