Multi-domain AD risk burden and plasma biomarkers in cognitively unimpaired adults
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Introduction
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology accumulates decades before symptom onset, yet how the cumulative effect of genetic, familial, and modifiable lifestyle risk burden jointly affects plasma biomarker levels and trajectories in cognitively unimpaired older adults remains unknown.
Methods
We analyzed data from 261 participants in the PREVENT-AD cohort. A composite risk score integrating APOE ε4 status, polygenic score, family history, and modifiable/lifestyle risk was examined against six plasma biomarkers using linear regression and linear mixed-effects models.
Results
APOE ε4 was the strongest predictor of plasma biomarker levels. Higher composite risk burden was associated with elevated ptau 181 , ptau 217 , ptau 217 /Aβ 42 , and GFAP levels, and lower Aβ 42/40 levels. A higher risk burden was predictive of accelerated ptau 181 accumulation.
Discussion
Cumulative AD risk burden is broadly associated with plasma biomarker levels and specifically predicts accelerated ptau 181 accumulation in cognitively unimpaired older adults, supporting structured composite risk profiling as a framework for AD risk stratification.
