Ca ²⁺ -activated CKL3 phosphorylates nucleoporin 58 to reprogram nuclear transport and execute effector-triggered immunity

Recognition of pathogen effectors by nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) activates effector-triggered immunity (ETI) in plants through resistosome formation, which generates a sustained cytosolic Ca ²⁺ influx and ultimately leads to programmed cell death (PCD) at infection sites and resistance. However, the mechanisms linking Ca ²⁺ influx to ETI execution remains a major knowledge gap. Using TurboID proximity labeling with the central transport channel nucleoporin 58 (Nup58) as a probe, we show that, instead of deregulation, ETI induction restricts general nuclear trafficking while selectively enhancing nuclear import of defense-related proteins. This switch is driven by elevated cytosolic Ca ²⁺ , which binds to the conserved Asp-149 in CASEIN KINASE 1-LIKE 3 (CKL3), promoting its interaction with and phosphorylation of Nup58 at Ser-149, thereby altering nuclear pore selectivity. This study identifies CKL3 and Nup58 as key regulators of ETI by establishing a mechanistic link from resistosome-mediated Ca ²⁺ influx to nuclear transport reprogramming and immune execution.