Specification of bone marrow sinusoids requires TIE2-mediated positive feedback involving COUPTFII and VEGFR3

The bone marrow (BM) vascular network plays crucial roles in driving bone development and supporting hematopoiesis, yet the mechanisms governing its specialized architecture, particularly sinusoidal morphogenesis, remain inadequately characterized. We show in this study that TIE2 ( Tek ) was highly expressed by BM sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC) and the endothelial Tek excision led to BM sinusoidal capillarization. Particularly, the BM sinusoids displayed thinner vessel diameter with the aberrant mural cell coverage in the Tek mutants. Mechanistically, TIE2 insufficiency led to a dramatic decrease of VEGFR3 in BM-SECs while its expression in hepatic sinusoids was not obviously altered. The RNA-seq analysis showed that GO terms enriched for the downregulated genes were related to the biological processes including sinusoidal development while pathways related to arterial ECs and angiogenesis were upregulated in the bone marrow of Tek mutants. The alteration of sinusoidal VEGFR3 expression occurred within 48 h after the induced endothelial deletion of Tek . Consistently, the defective BM sinusoidal formation was validated with the induced Tek deletion in VEGFR3 ⁺ SECs. The insufficiency of TIE2 ligand ANGPT1 also led to reduced sinusoidal VEGFR3, accompanied by similar BM sinusoidal defects. Furthermore, disruption of sinusoidal morphogenesis was observed in mutant mice with the endothelial excision of Nr2f2 (COUP-TFII), displaying a decreased expression of BM sinusoidal TIE2 and VEGFR3. These findings suggest that ANGPT1/TIE2 and COUP-TFII form a reciprocal regulatory loop to coordinate BM sinusoidal specification via regulating VEGFR3.