Self-Rated Health Inequalities Among Registered Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of UK Longitudinal Studies
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Background
Health inequalities between occupational or social class groups are pervasive and persistent. Healthcare professionals have better health outcomes compared to the general population. Whether this is a result of healthcare education, favourable socio-demographic characteristics among professionals or other effects is not certain and the extent to which single healthcare occupational groups exhibit inequalities is unknown. We have described self-rated health and quantified geographic health inequalities among a single occupational group of Registered Nurses compared to the general population.
Methods
We analysed nationally representative samples from the 2011 UK Censuses across England, Wales and Scotland in the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study and Scottish Longitudinal Study. Self-rated health and socio-demographic characteristics for the study population are described. Inequalities in health by area deprivation among Registered Nurses and the General Population are quantified. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between Nurse status and self-rated health, adjusting for socio-demographic variables.
Results
Among economically active, working age adults (n = 478,802), we identified 9,180 Registered Nurses resident in England, Wales and Scotland. 59% of Registered Nurses reported ‘very good’ self-rated health, with only 1% reporting ‘poor’ or ‘very poor’ health. A smaller proportion of Registered Nurses reported less than good health than the General Population at every level of area deprivation and had smaller absolute (4.1 percentage points vs. 9.1) and relative (RR: 1.5 vs. 2.0) inequalities between residents in the most and least deprived areas. Registered Nurses have an increased likelihood of reporting good or better health compared to the general population (Scotland – OR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.2 – 1.5, England & Wales – OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.3 – 1.5) after adjusting for socio-demographic factors.
Discussion
Registered Nurses report better health compared to the general population and have smaller inequalities in health by area deprivation. However, unfair and avoidable geographical differences in health are present even in this socioeconomically privileged professional group. After adjusting for socioeconomic and demographic factors, the positive association between being a Registered Nurse and having good self-rated health remained.
