Multi-gene-based phylogenetic investigations on the global inventory and distribution of the Sanghuangporus genus (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota)

The Sanghuangporus genus is a group of important traditionally used medicinal mushrooms with significant and valued medicinal properties. Although the taxonomy of Sanghuangporus sanghuang species and Sanghuangporus genus has been established, the issue of species classification of the genus still needs to be resolved, due to privious long-term confusion of the species delineation and taxonomy. In this study, a comprehensive phylogeny of all genera within the Hymenochaetaceae family was firstly established using ITS, nLSU, EF1α, RPB1 and RPB2. This facilitated further global screening of Sanghuangporus under the taxonomy framework of Hymenochaetaceae. Based on screenings using seven-gene sequences including ITS, nLSU, EF1α, RPB1, RPB2, nSSU and mtSSU, a global inventory of non-redundant 917 sequences related to 580 Sanghuangporus collections was presented, which is more than twice the size of previous study that relied solely on ITS used as the query sequence. According to the currently established taxonomy of Sanghuangporus, phylogenetic analyses using seven-gene sequences with Maximum Likelihood method were carried out, and specifically addressed the issue of mislabeling and worldwide distribution of Sanghuangporus species. Furthermore, a consise seven-gene-based classification system was supplied for future rapid and accurate species delieanation of Sanghuangporus varieties. This study provides a most comprehensive resouce database of Sanghuangporus collections with correct taxonomy and will significantly promote the standardization of fundamental researches, utilization and industrial develoment of Sanghuangporus varieties.