Identifying Dynamic Key Factors in University Dropout Among Chilean Engineering Students

The present study aims to identify relevant dynamic factors influencing university students' voluntary dropout decisions, with a specific focus on engineering programs within the Latin American context. These factors are intended to support the early identification of students at risk of dropping out. The research process followed three stages: a literature review, interviews with engineering education specialists, and an expert panel evaluation. After each stage, iterative refinements were made to the proposed set of factors. The final outcome was a set of 17 factors, positively evaluated in terms of sufficiency, clarity, coherence, relevance, and lack of bias. This set showed alignment with key factors reported in the existing literature on college dropout, while also highlighting specific issues relevant to engineering education and the Latin American context. The results offer a useful foundation for the early detection of potential dropout cases and for implementing effective, timely support interventions.