Challenges Faced by Women in Japanese Society: Insights from Men in University

This research explores the current state of gender discrimination in Japanese society, focusing on its impacts and how it is perceived by Japanese male university students. Gender discrimination is often reflected in the unequal treatment of men and women across various contexts, and these disparities are frequently rooted in inaccurate perceptions (Cleveland, 2013). The study examines how cultural and structural factors contribute to gender inequality, particularly in relation to women’s access to caregiving leave. Drawing on Bobbitt-Zeher’s (2011) framework of cultural, structural, and interactional dimensions of gender systems, the research analyzes how male-dominated structures affect women’s social status and career progression. In addition, the study addresses the negative consequences of gender discrimination on individuals’ mental and physical health, as well as the lack of social awareness surrounding these issues. As Schwiter (2021) notes, gender is often perceived as a women’s issue, which can obscure broader systemic problems. By focusing on the perspectives of Japanese male students regarding the challenges faced by women in the workplace, this study aims to deepen understanding of the roots of gender discrimination and suggest possible pathways toward greater gender equity.Bobbitt-Zeher, D. (2011). Gender discrimination at work: Connecting gender stereotypes, institutional policies, and gender composition of the workplace. Gender & Society, 25(6), 764-786.Cleveland, J. N., Vescio, T. K., & Barnes-Farrell, J. L. (2013). Gender discrimination in organizations. In Discrimination at work. Psychology Press.Schwiter, K., Nentwich, J., & Keller, M. (2021). Male privilege revisited: How men in female‐dominated occupations notice and actively reframe privilege. Gender, Work & Organization, 28(6), 2199-2215.