Climate Change and Education in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs): A Systematic Review.

Climate change is a major global challenge that affects many aspects of human life and hinders progress on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). One area that has not received enough attention is its impact on children’s education in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), which are especially vulnerable to environmental shocks. This paper focuses on SDG 4 (Quality Education) and SDG 13 (Climate Action) by presenting a systematic review, guided by the PRISMA framework, of how climate change disrupts children’s education in LMICs. We analysed 22 peer-reviewed studies published between 1st January 2000 and 18th June 2024. The findings show that climate change indirectly harms educational attainment and continuity through its negative effects on health, family income, and resource availability. We also highlight existing interventions aimed at protecting and adapting educational infrastructure. Finally, we offer recommendations for policymakers, researchers, and educators to help mitigate climate change’s impact on schools in LMICs and support global efforts toward sustainable development.