Ethical Perspectives on AI in Education: A Stakeholder-Derived Taxonomy

Ethical guidelines for AI in education (AIED) should include the views and requirements of the educational stakeholders involved in the usage of AI in educational contexts. In order to gather the views of the stakeholders involved, we conducted online focus groups with 29 educational stakeholders in the Netherlands. This group included 12 students, 12 teachers and 5 educational administrators. In this qualitative study, we investigated the ethical values (EVs) and ethical norms (ENs) that were focused upon by the stakeholders. The findings show that the educational stakeholders focus on educational aptness, human oversight and goodwill. As part of the analysis, we also create a taxonomy of thematically grouped ENs that collate the views of the educational stakeholders of AIED. Additionally, our analysis showed that the ethical values are strongly linked to each other – suggesting that there is a need for a pluralistic values approach to the design of ethical frameworks for AIED.