Camelpox Virus in Western Kazakhstan: Isolation and Phylogenetic Analysis of a New Strain

This study continues earlier work aimed at identifying potential natural reservoirs of camelpox virus (CMLV) during interepizootic periods. In 2023–2024, field expeditions in western Kazakhstan led to the collection and analysis of biological samples from camels, rodents and hematophagous insects. Despite the absence of clinical symptoms, PCR-positive results were obtained from camel blood samples. These samples underwent molecular genetic analysis, including viral DNA detection and whole-genome sequencing. Using next-generation sequencing, the complete genome of the Camelpox virus/Beineu/2023 isolate (202.273 bp) was obtained and deposited in the NCBI database (accession number PV920573.1). The isolate showed >98% genetic similarity to the previously described Kazakhstan strain M-96, indicating long-term local circulation of a genetically stable variant. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the isolate’s evolutionary conservatism and close relationship with other CMLV strains. The findings suggest that camels serve as a natural reservoir, enabling viral persistence and potential reactivation under stress-related conditions. The observed geographic clustering underscores the need for region-specific molecular surveillance to ensure timely detection of new variants and prevent cross-border spread.