Brain Inflammation and Intracellular α-Synuclein Aggregates in Macaques after SARS-CoV-2 Infection
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Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 causes acute respiratory disease, but many patients also experience neurological complications. Neuropathological changes with pronounced neuroinflammation have been described in individuals after lethal COVID-19, as well as in the CSF of hospitalized patients with neurological complications. To assess whether neuropathological changes can occur after a SARS-CoV-2 infection, leading to mild-to-moderate disease, we investigated the brains of four rhesus and four cynomolgus macaques after pulmonary disease and without overt clinical symptoms. Postmortem analysis demonstrated the infiltration of T-cells and activated microglia in the parenchyma of all infected animals, even in the absence of viral antigen or RNA. Moreover, intracellular α-synuclein aggregates were found in the brains of both macaque species. The heterogeneity of these manifestations in the brains indicates the virus’ neuropathological potential and should be considered a warning for long-term health risks, following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2021.02.23.432474: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement IACUC: The research protocol was approved by an independent animal ethics committee (DEC), as well as BPRC’s institutional animal welfare body (IvD). Randomization not detected. Blinding The counting of cells was performed in a blind matter. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication Authentication: Hematoxyline-eosine (HE) staining was used for general morphology. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources Sections were stained with virus antibody staining for virus detection and immunohistochemistry for immune reaction such as T-cell staining (CD3), B-cell staining (CD20), MHC-II cell staining (HLA-DR). CD20suggested…SciScore for 10.1101/2021.02.23.432474: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement IACUC: The research protocol was approved by an independent animal ethics committee (DEC), as well as BPRC’s institutional animal welfare body (IvD). Randomization not detected. Blinding The counting of cells was performed in a blind matter. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication Authentication: Hematoxyline-eosine (HE) staining was used for general morphology. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources Sections were stained with virus antibody staining for virus detection and immunohistochemistry for immune reaction such as T-cell staining (CD3), B-cell staining (CD20), MHC-II cell staining (HLA-DR). CD20suggested: NoneHLA-DRsuggested: NoneImmunohistochemistry: The optimal concentration was determined for each antibody: CD3 (polyclonal rabbit – anti-human CD3 IgG, cat. no. A045201-2 CD3suggested: Noneanti-human CD3 IgGsuggested: NoneSoftware and Algorithms Sentences Resources All macaques were mature, outbred animals, purpose-bred and socially housed at the BPRC. BPRCsuggested: None2, Agilent Technologies), 1:150. Agilent Technologiessuggested: (Agilent Technologies, RRID:SCR_013575)Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
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