Image-Guided Autonomous Robotic Surgery in the Context of Therapies Managed by Intelligent Digital Technologies: A Narrative Review

This narrative review aims to highlight and analyze the supervision of precision robotic surgical interventions. These are autonomous, closed-loop procedures, assisted by images and managed by intelligent digital tools. These administered procedures are designed to be safe and reliable, adhering to the principles of minimal invasiveness, precise positioning, and non-toxicity. Thus, a precision intervention uses non-ionizing imaging-assisted robotics, controlled by a precise positioning device, forming an autonomous procedure augmented by artificial intelligence tools and supervised by digital twins. This intelligent digital management procedure allows staff to plan, train, predict, and execute interventions under human supervision. Patient safety and staff efficiency are linked to non-ionizing imaging, minimal invasiveness through image guidance, and strict delimitation of the intervention zone through precise positioning. This study includes, successively, sections covering an introduction, therapeutic and surgical interventions, imaging strategies integrating diagnostic and assistance functions, intelligent digital tools including digital twins and artificial intelligence, image-guided procedures including autonomous and precision robotic surgical interventions increased by machine learning, as well as augmented healthcare monitoring, and a discussion and conclusions of the review. All topics addressed in this analysis are supported by examples from the literature.