Influence of Porosity on the Morpho-Structure, Physical-Chemical and Biochemical Characteristics of Polylactic Acid and/or Polycaprolactone Scaffolds

The design and development of scaffolds play a crucial role in tissue engineering. In this regard, the study aims to establish the influence of porosity on the morpho-structural, physical–chemical, and biochemical characteristics of the polylactic acid (PLA) and/or polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds, in order to be considered candidates for tissue reconstruction. The results indicated that binary PLA-PCL and PCL matrices are more suitable than PLA, due to their higher crystallization degree, this contributing to the superior mechanical properties and lower network defects. The preponderance of molecular interactions decreases with porosity. Porosity induced a decrease in the degree of crystallization of PLA-PCL and an increase in water, glucose and blood components uptake by 188, 178, and 28%, respectively. The PLA-PCL scaffold was found to be more stable to lipase action than neat PLA as a result of the reduced enzyme access due to the higher crystallinity and thermodynamic stability of the hydrocarbon linear chain in PCL, which is higher than that of the side methyl group in PLA. Lactobacillus growth increases with porosity and was more pronounced on the PLA-PCL matrix. All these results show that varying the porosity and composition of the polymer mixture leads to valuable materials with nutrient absorption capacity and biodegradability superior to neat PLA or PCL materials.