Understanding the Interplay of Maternal Mental Health, Social Support, and Sociodemographic Factors in Promoting Exclusive Breastfeeding in Kinshasa

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is crucial for infant health, and maternal mental health significantly influences breastfeeding practices. This study investigates the relationships among postpartum depression (PPD), maternal dietary diversity, and exclusive breastfeeding in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 793 mother–child pairs. Data were collected through structured interviews using a validated questionnaire administered by trained enumerators. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and structural equation modeling (SEM) to evaluate the relationships between maternal and child characteristics and EBF. Results: The proportion of infants in the study sample who were exclusively breastfed was 29.1% (95% CI: 26.0–32.3%). Breastfeeding self-efficacy is positively associated by nutritional advice during pregnancy, with a coefficient of 2.17 (p = 0.003). The husband’s support in exclusive breastfeeding positively correlates with breastfeeding self-efficacy (coefficient = 0.23, p < 0.001). A significant negative relationship exists between child age and EBF (coefficient = −0.095, p < 0.001). EBF is positively associated by nutritional advice during pregnancy, with a coefficient of 0.12 (p = 0.016). Child morbidity in the last 2 weeks showed a negative association with EBF practice (coefficient = −0.09, p = 0.014). Conclusions: This study highlights the multifaceted challenges faced by mothers in Kinshasa regarding exclusive breastfeeding. By prioritizing husband involvement, nutritional counseling, and robust health-system engagement, we can create a more supportive framework for breastfeeding practices. Future research should focus on longitudinal approaches to understand the long-term impacts of these factors on breastfeeding and infant health. Additionally, exploring the potential benefits of integrated maternal health programs that address nutritional needs will be crucial in developing comprehensive support systems for new mothers.