Ultra-Local Model-Based Adaptive Enhanced Model-Free Control for PMSM Speed Regulation

Conventional model-free control (MFC) is widely used in motor drives due to its simplicity and model independence, yet its performance suffers from imperfect disturbance estimation and input gain mismatch. To address these issues, this paper proposes an adaptive enhanced model-free speed control (AEMFSC) scheme based on an ultra-local model for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. First, by integrating a nonlinear disturbance observer (NDOB) and a PD control law into the generalized model-free controller, an enhanced model-free speed controller (EMFSC) was developed to ensure closed-loop stability. Compared with a conventional MFSC, the proposed method eliminated steady-state errors, reduced the speed overshoot, and achieved faster settling with improved disturbance rejection. Second, to address the performance degradation induced by input gain α mismatch during time-varying load conditions, we developed an online parameter identification method for real-time α estimation. This adaptive mechanism enabled automatic controller parameter adjustment, which significantly enhanced the transient tracking performance of the PMSM drive. Furthermore, an algebraic-framework-based high-precision identification technique is proposed to optimize the initial α selection, which effectively reduces the parameter tuning effort. Simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the proposed AEMFSC significantly enhanced the PMSM’s robustness against load torque variations and parameter uncertainties.