The Role of Energy Sharing Mechanisms in Advancing the Sustainable Development Goals Outlined in the 2030 Agenda

Among the players for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) defined in the United Nations 2030 Agenda, global energy transition plays a pivotal role. Among the emerging strategies, energy sharing mechanisms, such as peer-to-peer (P2P) trading, virtual power plants (VPPs), energy communities, and local energy markets are widely recognized for their potential to increase energy justice, resilience, and sustainability. These models redistribute energy production and consumption responsibilities among users, fostering decentralization, democratization, and inclusivity in energy systems. This review synthesizes current literature on energy sharing and evaluates their contributions to specific SDGs, particularly SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). Furthermore, the paper discusses regulatory frameworks, technological enablers, and socio-economic barriers to implementation. It concludes with policy recommendations for promoting energy sharing schemes as effective tools in the global pursuit of sustainable development.