Leveraging Time-Critical Computation and AI Techniques for Task Offloading in Internet of Vehicles Network Applications

Vehicular fog computing (VFC) is an innovative computing paradigm with an exceptional ability to improve the vehicles’ capacity to manage computation-intensive applications with both low latency and energy consumption. Moreover, more and more Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies are applied in task offloading on the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). Focusing on the problems of computing latency and energy consumption, in this paper, we propose an AI-based Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) model for tasks and resource offloading model for an IoV network, which ensures reliable low-latency communication, efficient task offloading in the IoV network by using a Software-Defined Vehicular-based FC (SDV-F) architecture. To fit to time-critical data transmission task distribution, the proposed model reduces unnecessary task allocation at the fog computing layer by proposing an AI-based task-allocation algorithm in the IoV layer to implement the task allocation of each vehicle. By applying AI technologies such as reinforcement learning (RL), Markov decision process, and deep learning (DL), the proposed model intelligently makes decision on maximizing resource utilization at the fog layer and minimizing the average end-to-end delay of time-critical IoV applications. The experiment demonstrates the proposed model can efficiently distribute the fog layer tasks while minimizing the delay.