Factors Associated With the Decay of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG Antibodies Among Recipients of an Adenoviral Vector-Based AZD1222 and a Whole-Virion Inactivated BBV152 Vaccine

  1. Sivaprakasam T. Selvavinayagam
  2. Yean Kong Yong
  3. Hong Yien Tan
  4. Ying Zhang
  5. Gurunathan Subramanian
  6. Manivannan Rajeshkumar
  7. Kalaivani Vasudevan
  8. Priyanka Jayapal
  9. Krishnasamy Narayanasamy
  10. Dinesh Ramesh
  11. Sampath Palani
  12. Marie Larsson
  13. Esaki M. Shankar
  14. Sivadoss Raju

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Abstract

The magnitude of protection conferred following recovery from COVID-19 or by vaccine administration, and the duration of protective immunity developed, remains ambiguous.

Methods

We investigated the factors associated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG decay in 519 individuals who recovered from COVID-19 illness or received COVID-19 vaccination with two commercial vaccines, viz., an adenoviral vector-based (AZD1222) and a whole-virion-based inactivated (BBV152) vaccine in Chennai, India from March to December 2021. Blood samples collected during regular follow-up post-infection/-vaccination were examined for anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG by a commercial automated chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA).

Results

Age and underlying comorbidities were the two variables that were independently associated with the development of a breakthrough infection. Individuals who were >60 years of age with underlying comorbid conditions (viz., hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease) had a ~15 times and ~10 times greater odds for developing a breakthrough infection and hospitalization, respectively. The time elapsed since the first booster dose was associated with attrition in anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, where each month passed was associated with an ebb in the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels by a coefficient of −6 units.

Conclusions

Our findings advocate that the elderly with underlying comorbidities be administered with appropriate number of booster doses with AZD1222 and BBV152 against COVID-19.

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  1. Version published to 10.3389/fmed.2022.887974
  2. ScreenIT

    SciScore for 10.1101/2022.02.26.22271097: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    EthicsIRB: The study was approved by the Human Ethics Committee of the Madras Medical College (EC No. 03092021).
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power AnalysisThe predictive power of age in predicting breakthrough infection and hospitalization were examined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

    Table 2: Resources

    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    Statistical analyses were performed using Prism, version 5.02 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA)
    Prism
    suggested: (PRISM, RRID:SCR_005375)
    GraphPad
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)
    Binary regression was performed using SPSS, version 20 (IBM, Armonk, NY), Two-tailed P <0.05 was considered as statistical significance for all test performed and P value <0.05, <0.01, <0.001, <0.0001 were marked as *, **, *** and ****, respectively.
    SPSS
    suggested: (SPSS, RRID:SCR_002865)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

    Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:
    The limitation of this study is that we not take genetic variant of SARS-CoV-2 [36-39], especially the Delta and Omicron variants that are known to engender high viral loads and high transmissibility into consideration. Notwithstanding, our study provides detailed information in a relatively large cohort of both vaccinated and convalescent individuals recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our results showed that the declining slope of neutralizing antibodies in AZD1222-vaccinated individuals is much steeper than in convalescent individuals and those who received the BBV152. We also provided estimation of the decline rate as well as corresponding breakthrough infection and hospitalization risks by considering age, underlying comorbid conditions and time-scales into account.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

  3. Version published to 10.1101/2022.02.26.22271097 on medRxiv