Underlying Co-Morbidity Reveals Unique Immune Signatures in Type II Diabetes Patients Infected With SARS-CoV2

  1. Soumya Sengupta
  2. Gargee Bhattacharya
  3. Sanchari Chatterjee
  4. Ankita Datey
  5. Shubham K. Shaw
  6. Sandhya Suranjika
  7. Paritosh Nath
  8. Prakash K. Barik
  9. Punit Prasad
  10. Soma Chattopadhyay
  11. Rajeeb K. Swain
  12. Ajay Parida
  13. Satish Devadas

Reviewed by

Read the full article See related articles

Discuss this preprint

Start a discussion What are Sciety discussions?

Listed in

Log in to save this article

Abstract

SARS-CoV2 infection in patients with comorbidities, particularly T2DM, has been a major challenge globally and has been shown to be associated with high morbidity and mortality. Here, we did whole blood immunophenotyping along with plasma cytokine, chemokine, antibody isotyping, and viral load from oropharyngeal swab to understand the immune pathology in the T2DM patients infected with SARS-CoV2.

Methods

Blood samples from 25 Covid-19 positive patients having T2DM, 10 Covid-19 positive patients not having T2DM, and 10 Covid-19 negative, non-diabetic healthy controls were assessed for various immune cells by analyzing for their signature surface proteins in mass cytometry. Circulating cytokines, chemokines, and antibody isotypes were determined from plasma while viral copy number was determined from oropharyngeal swabs. All our representative data corroborated with laboratory findings.

Results

Our observations encompass T2DM patients having elevated levels of both type I and type II cytokines and higher levels of circulating IgA, IgM, IgG1, and IgG2 as compared to NDM and healthy volunteers. They also displayed higher percentages of granulocytes, mDCs, plasmablasts, Th2-like cells, CD4 + EM cells, and CD8 + TE cells as compared to healthy volunteers. T2DM patients also displayed lower percentages of pDCs, lymphocytes, CD8 + TE cells, CD4 + , and CD8 + EM.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that patients with T2DM displayed higher inflammatory markers and a dysregulated anti-viral and anti-inflammatory response when compared to NDM and healthy controls and the dysregulated immune response may be attributed to meta inflammation.

Article activity feed

  1. Version published to 10.3389/fimmu.2022.848335
  2. ScreenIT

    SciScore for 10.1101/2021.12.03.21267282: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Ethicsnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Recombinant DNA
    SentencesResources
    The N gene was cloned into pBiEx vector and 10-fold serial dilutions of the plasmid were done to obtain the standard curve.
    pBiEx
    suggested: None
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    FCS files were then normalised with CyTOF software V.7 (Fluidigm) and then exported and analysed by FlowJo software V10.7 (BD Biosciences).
    FlowJo
    suggested: (FlowJo, RRID:SCR_008520)
    Statistics: Statistical analysis was performed using the GraphPad Prism software, version 8.0.1.
    GraphPad Prism
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

    Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:
    We understand that our study is not devoid of limitations such as a small sample size, absence of longitudinal study or follow up, but nevertheless it will help in understanding the vulnerability of these patients and subsequent planning of vaccine coverage in these patients or future vaccines booster dosages to them.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

  3. Version published to 10.1101/2021.12.03.21267282 on medRxiv