Global indicator data tracking changes in species-level biodiversity persistence, ecosystem resilience under climate change, and protected-area representativeness and connectedness

Motivation Biodiversity indicator data that are transparent, meaningful and up to date are important for tracking progress in achieving biodiversity targets and goals under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, and for identifying the degree to which further action is required. Main types of variable contained Output and summary data are provided for four biodiversity indicators: (i) the Biodiversity Habitat Index (BHI); (ii) the Bioclimatic Ecosystem Resilience Index (BERI); (iii) the Protected Area Representativeness and Connectedness Index for representativeness (PARC-representativeness); and (iv) the Protected Area Representativeness and Connectedness Index for connectedness (PARC-connectedness). The ecosystem condition data used in calculating these indicators are also provided. Spatial location and grain All global terrestrial areas excluding Antarctica, at ≈1 km (30 arcsecond) spatial resolution. Indicator values are also summarised and provided for all countries of the world, and for each of the biomes occurring within these countries. Time period and grain Annual from 2000 to 2024. Major taxa and level of measurement The indicators are calculated using community-level models of compositional dissimilarity based on data for > 400,000 species of terrestrial vascular plants, vertebrates and invertebrates. Software format Code is provided in Python and R to enable appropriate derivation of indicator values for any region of interest, such as a country or an ecosystem type.