Rethinking Stress Through an Ecological Genomic Lens: From Predatory Pressures to Modern Mismatch

Stress, traditionally seen as a psychological issue with physiological conse- quences, is now viewed as part of an evolutionary continuum. While modern stressors have shifted from immediate threats to chronic psychosocial chal- lenges, our physiological responses remain the same. In contrast, stress in the wild is acute; today’s chronic stressors keep the body in a prolonged fight- or-flight mode, diverting energy from other vital physiological functions and leading wide range of health issues. Beyond its impact on individual health, Chronic stress also affects bio- logical and social patterns, potentially linking increased life expectancy with declining birth rates, a trend seen in both humans and wildlife exposed to human-induced stress. Understanding the relationship between stress and demographic shifts could play a crucial role in public health planning and biodiversity conservation. This work integrates genomic and ecological perspectives, promoting in- terdisciplinary research to better understand stress and its effects on human health and ecosystem resilience.