Aristotle, Heisenberg, and Non-locality and Non-temporality of a Single Photon

Within the framework of Aristotelian philosophy, the author presents an analysis of the exchange of energy by photons. These massless particles exhibit the most pronounced quantum behavior, posing serious challenges to classical physics. The arguments are based on the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle and several Gedanken experiments involving single photons. For illustration, experimental and numerical work on optical microresonators is discussed. These allow for the assessment of the validity of Maxwell’s equations and the verification of some of the Gedanken experiments. As a result of the discussion, one must accept that the photon trajectory is causally influenced by the final state, which is separated in time and space from the initial state, exhibiting non-locality and non-temporality.