Universalism and Innovation: The Influence of Impartiality and Inclusiveness on National Innovativeness

The innovative capacity of a country is a key factor in its economic development. While classical approaches primarily emphasize technological and economic aspects, cultural and moral influences are increasingly coming into focus in research. In particular, the treatment of out-groups and the intensity of in-group preferences play a crucial role, as expressed in the societal contrast between social cohesion and individual freedom. A central aspect of this debate is the moral dimension, particularly the tension between universalism, relativism, and particularism. This study examines the impact of universalism on a country's innovativeness by situating the concept within cultural theory and analyzing it empirically. The findings provide new insights into the relationship between cultural values and innovation potential with regard to moral capital in a society.