Breaking the Illusion (破相) of Local Realism: Bridging Classical and Quantum Physics Through the Lens of Buddhist Doctrine
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This paper examines the concept of 破相 (_pòxiàng_), which in Buddhist philosophy refers to the deconstruction of appearances or forms, and this paper uses it as a theoretical framework to bridge the gap between classical and quantum physics. Classical physics presents a deterministic, well-defined reality where objects exist with fixed properties independent of observation. However, quantum mechanics challenges this view, revealing a probabilistic, fluid, and deeply interconnected reality with the observer’s perspective. The Buddhist doctrine of _pòxiàng_, which involves recognizing the illusory nature of fixed forms and appearances, provides a powerful philosophical lens through which the principles of quantum physics—such as superposition, entanglement, and the observer effect—can be interpreted. By examining the groundbreaking work of physicists John Clauser, Alain Aspect, and Anton Zeilinger, who shared the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics, this analysis demonstrates how their experimental confirmations of quantum entanglement and violations of Bell inequalities not only challenge classical notions of locality and determinism but also resonate deeply with Buddhist metaphysical insights. This interdisciplinary study argues that Buddhist ideas about illusions and the impermanence of forms correspond to the quantum state’s inherent uncertainty and non-fixed nature. This paper suggests a deeper, more integrated understanding of reality by exploring how classical physics’ rigid view of reality is ‘deconstructed’ at the quantum level, similar to the Buddhist recognition of form as an illusion. The research contributes to scientific and philosophical discourses by highlighting how the impermanence and illusion of fixed forms in Buddhist doctrine can be seen as metaphors for the collapse of the quantum wave function into a definite state upon observation.