Kepler: The Pioneer of Data Science and AI

This article examines Johannes Kepler’s pioneering contributions to data-driven scientific discovery and draws parallels with modern advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI). Kepler’s rigorous analysis of Tycho Brahe’s astronomical data led to the formulation of the fundamental laws of planetary motion, exemplifying early principles of data science. Contemporary AI techniques—such as symbolic regression, advanced reasoning neural networks, and explainable AI—can now rediscover physical laws from large datasets, mirroring Kepler’s methodology but at an unprecedented scale. Despite technological progress, challenges persist, including data quality, interpretability, and validation. The synergy between human intuition and machine intelligence holds promise for accelerating scientific breakthroughs across disciplines, extending Kepler’s legacy into the era of big data and AI-driven discovery.