WORKING WITH THE IMAGINARY IN THE FASCIST AND COMMUNIST SOCIETIES AND OVERCOMING SOCIAL HETERONOMY IN THE THEORY OF C. CASTORIADIS

The article raises the question of the existence of fundamental identity and difference betweenthe totalitarian regimes of fascism/Nazism and communism with a discussion on their status in the firstperiod of post-Soviet political transit. The main arguments in favor of identifying both types oftotalitarianism and fundamental moments of distinction were reflected in the correspondencecontroversy of A. Besançon and L. Kołakowski. Criticism of the totalitarianism of fascist and communisttypes in the works of the French philosopher of Greek origin Cornelius Castoriadis allows to see thefeatures that connect most totalitarian regimes despite the difference in their ideological programs andwhich can represent a certain threat even for modern societies, and those points of Russian (Soviet)project of Communist society that allow to differ between Nazi and Communistic types of the Imaginary.At the end of the article, the main types of public heteronomy, characteristic of totalitarian andauthoritarian regimes, as well as the neoliberal model of consumption society, are also considered.According to Castoriadis, they are contrary to the ideas of social emancipation, replacing it with theirprinciples of (pseudo)rational domination, against which his own project of collective social autonomystands.