Evidence for ProtoHomo extinction, Homo sapiens' macroevolutionary birth, and DNA-driven ProgRetrogProg Evolution
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There is no consensus on the term HUMAN. All hominins? The genus Homo? Anatomically modern-like human only? None of them. In New Paradigm, HUMAN is post-140,000 years hominins except the last Javanese H. erectus. 1) Pre- 140,000 years Homo is an unknown extinct taxon PROTO-HUMAN (ProtoHomo). Apparently, the glacial maximum ~140,000 years ago wiped them out (incl. the so-called Homo luzonensis, Pseudo-Neanderthals and Pseudo-Denisovans). 2) Homo sapiens (incl. initial Neanderthals and initial Denisovans) originated from the Levantine macroevolution ~140 ka ago. In other words, the common ancestral population was neither in Africa before 500 ka nor outside Africa ~1 million years ago. If the extinction and the macroevolution cannot be rejected, H. sapiens is an isolated taxon. 3) The relationships shown here between extreme climatic warmings and anatomical progressions (and vice versa) reveal that, instead of natural selection, DNA was the primary driving force of ProgRetrogProg or RetrogProgRetrogProg evolution, suggesting a nonstop struggle for dominance in the DNA between the two opposing forces. 4) Anatomical and behavioral fluctuations sometimes occurred in parallel such as at the Grotte Mandrin ~54 ka, and sometimes in opposition such as Shanidar 4 anatomically retrogressive but behaviorally progressive Neanderthal "flower burial" ~73 ka ago. Likewise, H. naledi's anatomically retrogressive but behaviorally progressive situation supports DNA-driven ProgRetrogProg or RetrogProgRetrogProg evolution.