Developing and Pilot Testing a Culturally Appropriate Telephone-Based Smoking Cessation Program for American Indians

Despite reductions in smoking rates across populations in recent years, American Indians continue to smoke at the highest rates of all racial/ethnic groups in the United States. To address this disparity, an individual telephone-based version of the successful culturally appropriate All Nations Breath of Life smoking cessation program was developed and pilot tested using community-based participatory research with a quit rate of 28.6% among program participants. The program was further modified based on process results and is now being tested for efficacy in a randomized trial using a novel Bayesian Adaptive Design at the request of the community.