Native Spiritualities and Identities as Influences on Mental Health in American Indian Communities in the Midwest

Spirituality and individual identity are necessary factors to fully understand physical and mental health outcomes in many communities. However, limited research has been conducted to assess the impacts of these constructs within American Indian communities despite rampant health disparities. To begin addressing this gap, a cross-sectional survey (N=968) was conducted in urban and reservation communities in the Plains region of the United States to assess how Native spirituality and identity were correlated with physical health perceptions and mental well-being. Results show that higher Native spirituality and identity were correlated with lower depression and anxiety, as well as lower perceived social support. These results highlight the importance of understanding historical and political factors influencing identities within Native communities as well as differing definitions and views on the concepts of religion, spirituality, and social support and highlight the need for longitudinal study to better understand these relationships.