Motivated Reasoning vs Dual Processes as Drivers of Health-related Misinformation

This study investigated whether dual processes theory or motivated reasoning theory better explains susceptibility to health-related misinformation. By using a working memory load task, we built conditions favoringeither deliberative or heuristic reasoning while participants judged COVID19 headlines. We also assessed motivated reasoning variables (unwarrantedbeliefs, naïve skepticism) and cognitive style measures (bullshit receptivityand cognitive reflection). Results showed no difference in correct answersbetween the loaded and non-loaded conditions, contradicting dual processestheory predictions. However, the working memory manipulation increasedresponse times and reduced digit recovery, indicating its impact on reasoning processes. Motivated reasoning variables were stronger predictors ofaccuracy in judging misinformation than cognitive style measures. Thesefindings favor motivated reasoning theory as the explanation for susceptibility to health-related misinformation over the dual processes account.