Psychometric Properties of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for Students – 9 (UWES-S-9) among Italian University Students: Factorial Validity, Measurement Invariance and Convergent Validity

The objective of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the 9-item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for Students (UWES-S-9) in a large sample of Italian university students. A total of 4,912 students completed the UWES-S-9, which assesses three dimensions of study engagement: vigor, dedication, and absorption. Multiple measurement models using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) were compared. Measurement invariance across gender (men vs. women) and degree type (undergraduate vs. graduate) was tested. The three-factor ESEM model showed superior fit compared to CFA solutions. All subscales demonstrated good internal consistency and full measurement invariance was established across gender and degree program. Finally, convergent validity with the life satisfaction scale (SWLS) was supported. The Italian UWES-S-9 is a reliable and valid measure for assessing study engagement. However, refinements may be needed to better capture the dimensions of study engagement.