A p-curve analysis of changes in emotion recognition across the menstrual cycle

Previous research suggests that emotion recognition ability varies within and between individuals, potentially influenced by person-related factors such as levels of sex hormones. Studies have examined links between the menstrual cycle, ovarian hormone levels, and emotion recognition, but findings are inconsistent. Some report changes across the menstrual cycle or with hormone fluctuations, while others find no significant effects. To evaluate the evidentiary value of these studies, we conducted a p-curve analysis on eight studies reporting significant associations. Two analyses were performed: one on the menstrual cycle's effects and another on combined menstrual cycle and ovarian hormone effects. Neither analysis provided clear evidence for a genuine effect, and both revealed very low statistical power (maximum 12%) in the underlying studies. Recent, more rigorous studies with larger sample sizes have also failed to detect this effect, further questioning its existence. If present, the effect is likely very small or non-existent. We recommend that future research employ high statistical power and rigorous methodologies to reliably detect any true effects.