Not So Different After All? Antecedents and Consequences of Believing in Misinformation and Conspiracy Theories

Distorted information has been shown to affect individual cognition, behavior, and societal dynamics. This study examines belief formation in misinformation and conspiracy theories, using the COVID-19 pandemic as a relevant case. It addresses gaps in understanding whether different distorted beliefs arise from distinct factors and how they influence information processing. By analyzing misinformation and conspiracy theories—types of distorted information that differ in facticity and intent to deceive—this study seeks to clarify the cognitive and social mechanisms behind these beliefs. Findings reveal that a conspiratorial mindset and intuitive thinking significantly predict belief in distorted information, highlighting the need for tailored interventions. Institutional mistrust, reliance on alternative media, and group identity further shape susceptibility to such beliefs. Insights from this research support the development of targeted strategies to address distinct cognitive profiles, emphasizing the importance of fostering critical media skills and understanding motivations behind belief formation.