The Impact of IMSI Catcher Deployments on Cellular Network Security: Challenges and Countermeasures in 4G and 5G Networks

IMSI catchers, also known as "Stingrays" or "cell site simulators," are rogue devices posing grave threats to cellular network security. With the evolution of 4G and 5G networks, these devices have grown more sophisticated, enabling unauthorized interception and manipulation of cellular communications. This paper outlines their impact on network security, including unauthorized data collection and potential privacy breaches. It highlights risks such as financial fraud and surveillance, and suggests countermeasures like signal analysis, encryption, and authentication mechanisms. However, the effectiveness of these measures in 4G and 5G environments is debated. The paper underscores the need for enhanced encryption, authentication, and detection techniques. It also stresses regulatory measures to govern IMSI catcher deployment and usage, safeguarding user privacy and security.