Response to Creel

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Abstract

Our original paper (Liu, Hilton, et al., 2023) found effects of linguistic experience on music perception which generalized across a half-million speakers of fifty-four languages. In a critique, Creel (Creel, 2026) claims that our multilevel modelling approach biased the language-level estimates such that languages with small-sample sizes “spuriously appear to pattern consistently” compared to “raw” sample means. We respectfully disagree and counter this claim here.

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