Challenges in Unconscious Perception Research: Exploring Critical Arguments and Enhancing Experimental Design

We often assume that our interactions with the world are primarily driven by conscious experiences. However, according to numerous experimental and medical reports, stimuli that are not consciously perceived can exert an influence on behaviour. In fact, many researchers believe that unconscious perception is possible while recognizing that it has not been successfully demonstrated. This discrepancy has its source in the fact that research on unconscious perception is targeted by various critical arguments referring to methodologies and assumptions of research paradigms. The goal of this review is to: 1) offer a comprehensive analysis of the critical arguments against unconscious perception, and 2) describe possible solutions to the problems raised by these arguments, along with their advantages and disadvantages.