Ceci N'est Pas Une Théorie! A Critical Review and Deconstruction of Theorization of the Job-Demands Resources Model

The Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) framework has been gaining momentum over the last 25 years. Although the basic configuration of the JD-R model has hardly changed, it is increasingly being referred to as a theory. This paper sets out to critically review the framework, its basic assumptions, and the extent to which it lives up to this seemingly more mature status. Specifically, we argue that the ever-increasing attention the model is receiving paradoxically is due not to its logical capacity to explain when or why a particular (i.e. specified) resource or demand will instigate health impairment or a motivational process, but instead its superficiality. In this paper, we describe the qualities of a robust theory following principles of philosophy of science and demonstrate how the JD-R model performs in relation to scientific standards. In addition, we analyzed the ideological assumptions of the model, questioning aspects of the model that to date have not been critically discussed. With our review, we seek to stimulate greater understanding of whether and how conceptually distinct demands and resources constructs idiosyncratically relate to individual and organizational outcomes in different contexts, therewith encouraging the development of more robust and refined frameworks for understanding job-related stress.