A Review of Psychometrics with AI Foundation Models

Psychometrics is a subfield of psychology concerned with the objective measurement of latent constructs, such as values, personality, and intelligence. AI Foundation Models (FMs), notably large language and multimodal models, are reshaping this field by capturing rich linguistic and behavioural regularities at scale. This paper reviews the emerging synergy between FMs and psychometrics. It maps practical applications of FMs across the measurement pipeline, describes key methodologies for enhancing FM performance in psychometric contexts, and examines the theoretical implications of FMs for this discipline. In addition, we chart risks and offer actionable recommendations for the effective, rigorous, and ethical implementation of FMs in psychometric research and practice. Realizing the potential of FMs in psychometrics demands interdisciplinary collaboration and continued alignment between advances in computational and measurement sciences.