Comparisons of Addictive Behaviors Between First-Generation and Continuing-Generation College and University Students: A Scoping Review

Objective: This study aimed to synthesize research literature comparing first-generation and continuing-generation college/university students’ engagement in substance use and behavioral addictions (e.g., gambling). Methods: Six electronic databases and Google Scholar were searched for relevant peer-reviewed journal articles and student theses, dissertations, and scholarly projects. Results: Twenty-three articles were identified. All studies examined alcohol use. Ten studies also investigated non-alcoholic substances. No studies assessed behavioral addictions. Overall, findings were mixed, typically revealing no generational differences in substance use or a lower likelihood of substance use or misuse among first-generation students. However, several factors such as gender and race/ethnicity were found to moderate the student generation–substance use relationship, highlighting sub-populations who may be at an increased risk for problematic substance use. Conclusion: Findings emphasize a need for more research examining non-alcoholic substance use and behavioral addictions, as well as factors that may influence associations between generational status and addictive behavior engagement.