Can we recognize each other? Benjamin’s intersubjective recognition theory and its contributions

Jessica Benjamin is a prominent figure in relational-intersubjective psychoanalysis. Her unique intersubjective recognition theory focuses primarily on the concepts of mutual recognition and the Third. Benjamin posits that dyads in interpersonal interactions engage in mutual influence and reciprocal shaping. Recognition, according to Benjamin, represents a psychic position where both parties are recognized as subjects, fostering a process of giving affirming responses to each other; the Third functions as a principle, function, or relationship that creates an intersubjective space, accommodating both commonalities and differences. Types of the Third includes the rhythmic Third, the differentiating Third, the moral Third, the symbolic Third, and so forth. The distinctiveness of Benjamin's intersubjective recognition theory are reflected in several aspects: The concept of recognition is inclusive because of the information transmission mode, the impact of intersubjective responsiveness, the manifestation of otherness, and the focus on both intrapersonal and intersubjective dimensions; the concept of the Third, akin to phenomenological reflection, is more effective than the concept of conflict. In general, Benjamin’s intersubjective recognition theory provides a paradigm for maintaining a tension between the scientific and humanistic dimensions of psychoanalysis.