Experiences of Menstruation and Menstrual Stigma Among Transgender, Nonbinary, and Genderqueer Individuals

Because menstruation is often framed as a feminine experience and transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people transgress cis-hegemony, TGD people navigate the complex intersection of two stigmas: menstrual stigma and transphobia. In this qualitative interview study with reflexive thematic analysis, we explored TGD people’s lived experiences of menstruating in a gender diverse body, paying particular attention to how TGD experience menstruation and navigate (intersectional) stigma. Findings revealed varied levels of internalized stigma, with some participants feeling ashamed or uncomfortable, and others perceiving menstruation neutrally. Anticipated stigma, stemming from societal views linking menstruation to femininity, led to fears of misgendering and medical discrimination. Enacted stigma included negative reactions and limited access to menstrual products and suitable restroom infrastructure. Participants resisted intersectional stigma by reframing menstruation positively or neutrally, and urged for the promotion of inclusivity. Participants further recommended gender-neutral language, menstrual products and disposal bins in all restrooms, and increased representation in period advertising.