A Documentary Analysis of Predominant Mental Health Care Models in Latin America (2015–2025)

This document presents a documentary review aimed at explaining the dynamics, tensions, and challenges of mental health care in Latin America, with particular attention to community-based models and their impact on vulnerable populations. The analysis is organized around several key categories: the concept of mental health, mental healrh problems, care or intervention models, intervention logics, and conceptual frameworks. The literature review included scientific journals articles from countries such as Colombia, Perú, Chile, Brazil, Ecuador and México. The findings highlight the persistence of biomedical care models that overlook family, group, and collective components-elements that are essential for community-based approaches and for the development of comprehensive mental health care.The analysis also shows that, despite feforms in recent years, mental health public policies lack solid foundations and effective mechanisms for intersectoral coordination, which undermines their implementation and long-term sustainability. Notable experiences in Chile and Peru demonstrate efforts to strengthen primary and community-based mental health care, although these initiatives remain constrained by administrative and financial limitations. At the same time, contemporary approaches are emerging that promote a broader understanding of mental health, incorporating human rights perspectives, the 5.0 paradigm, and the ethical use of artificial intelligence as a diagnostic and therapeutic support tool. Ultimately, the review concluded that current systems are still neither consolidated nor adequately funded, limiting the possibility of providing comprehensive care centered on psychosocial and community well-being.