Adults’ Experiences of Mathematical Learning Difficulties and Anxiety: Links to Self-efficacy, Self-concept, and Learning

Mathematical skills are valued and required in a rapidly technologically advancing society. At the same time, many adults struggle with their mathematical skills and experience math anxiety. This qualitative study focuses on examining how adults' mathematical learning difficulties and math anxiety have affected their self-concept, self-efficacy, and learning in mathematics. Nine female adults were interviewed, and thematic analysis was performed on the data. Five themes were found that described how mathematical learning difficulties and math anxiety are linked to math self-efficacy, self-concept, and learning: 1) self-doubt in mathematics, 2) getting negative feedback from others, 3) comparing oneself to others, 4) negative feelings, and 5) avoidance of mathematics. Implications of math teacher education and adults` basic math skill training are discussed.