Character Strengths in People with ADHD: A Systematic Review

Research in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) primarily centers on deficits and challenges associated with ADHD. However, research has shown that people with ADHD also experience strengths related to ADHD. To provide the field a comprehensive overview of research on ADHD and Character Strengths and Virtues, according to the VIA classification from positive psychology, we conducted a systematic search using PsycINFO, Web of Science, and PubMed. We identified 59 studies, with 47 quantitative and 12 qualitative studies. Summarizing quantitative studies showed positive associations for ADHD and curiosity, creativity, and zest. A negative association between ADHD and both self-regulation and perseverance was also identified. Evidence from qualitative research suggests additional strengths beyond those examined quantitatively, such as bravery, kindness, love, perspective, humor, and hope. We also conclude that this field is in its infancy, and for multiple character strengths studies are lacking. Future research should follow-up qualitative work with highly powered quantitative work. So far, the positive psychology approach we have taken here, has led to new perspectives on ADHD, feeding a more comprehensive and balanced understanding of ADHD, which can inspire other research fields to take a similar approach.