Why the Mix Matters - Exploring the Dynamics of Polysubstance Use

A widespread form of recreational drug use is known as polysubstance use, which involves consuming two or more psychoactive substances within a short period of time. In addition to the desired effects, such as intensifying or prolonging the high, or counteracting unpleasant effects, polysubstance use also entails risks. To provide polysubstance users with user-centered measures to support health promotion and safer-use, a differentiated understanding of the diverse forms of this consumption practice is required. In an online cross-sectional study, recreational drug users (N= 649) were asked about sociodemographic data and their consumption behavior, with a particular focus on polysubstance use. A hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to identify different types of polysubstance users. The clusters obtained were then tested for diversity using chi-square tests. The cluster analysis revealed three polysubstance use groups that differed in the frequency of mixed use, underlying motivations, and the presence of risk-minimizing strategies. The study showed that consumers who use multiple substances do not constitute a homogeneous group and differ in various characteristics. Taking these individualities and diversities into account must serve as the basis for health promotion to address consumers in a targeted manner.