Design of an Off-Grid Biogas/PV Hybrid Energy System to Meet the Electricity Needs of Rural Areas

In this study, the feasibility of an off-grid hybrid energy system in Değirmendüzü village,  located in the Patnos district of Ağrı province, is investigated. In order to meet the  electrical energy demand of the village, a hybrid system consisting of solar energy, biogas,  and battery storage is designed. The modeling and analysis of the proposed system are  carried out using the HOMER software. The effects of different battery Technologies  (lithium-ion and lead-acid) on system performance and cost are examined. In addition,  the impact of the photovoltaic (PV) panel derating factor on system performance is  analyzed. The results indicate that both battery technologies are capable of meeting the  electrical energy demand of the village. Lithium-ion battery-based systems offer higher  efficiency and longer lifetime; however, their initial investment cost is higher compared  to lead-acid battery systems. Economic analysis results show that, despite the higher  initial investment cost, lithium-ion battery systems are more economical in the long term  due to lower operation and maintenance costs. The findings of this study provide valuable  insights into the design and implementation of off-grid renewable energy systems.